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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    93-100
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    100
  • Downloads: 

    51
Abstract: 

Background: COVID-19 mortality rates differ across countries. We aimed to construct a model that predicts mortality worldwide, by including only country-LEVEL socioeconomic and health system indicators and excluding variables related to short-term measures for pandemic management. Methods: COVID-19 mortality data was collected from Johns Hopkins University resource center. Additional sources were public reports from the United Nations, the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. We implemented multiple linear regression with backward elimination on the selected predictors. Results: The final model constructed on seven Independent variables, significantly predicted COVID-19 mortality rate by country (F-statistic: 29. 2, p<0. 001). Regression coefficients (95% CI) in descending order of standardized effects: Annual tourist arrivals: 5. 43 (4. 03, 6. 83); health expenditure per capita: 4. 43 (2. 92, 5. 96); GDP (PPP):-4. 60 (-6. 81,-2. 38); specialist surgical workforce per 100000: 2. 63 (0. 67, 4. 59); number of physicians per 1000:-2. 32 (-4. 3,-0. 28); economic freedom score:-1. 35 (-2. 60,-0. 10); and total population: 1. 66 (-0. 19, 3. 52). All VIF values were below 5, showing acceptable collinearity. R-squared (52. 65%), adjusted R-squared (50. 25%) and predicted R-squared (42. 33%) showed strong model fit. Conclusion: limited country-LEVEL socioeconomic and health system indicators can explain COVID-19 mortality worldwide; emphasizing the priority of attending to these fundamental structures when planning for pandemic preparedness.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    75-82
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    232
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background: Health literacy is one of the most important indicators that can affect the status and severity of healthoriented behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate factors related to health literacy. Methods: This research studied 385 people aged 18 to 65 years in Shiraz in southern Iran by survey method and using cluster sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive statistics and statistical tests comparing means (t and f), Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that with health literacy is directly related to increasing age, number of years of education, and income. These analyses also showed that marital status, employment status, ethnicity, and class affiliation have a statistically significant relationship with health literacy. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variables of number of years of education, religion, and status of employment (housewife) have a significant effect on the health literacy of respondents. Conclusion: Adolescents, housewives, and religious minorities can be considered vulnerable groups that should be given special attention in programs and policies related to promoting health literacy.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

URBAN STUDIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    9
  • Pages: 

    125-154
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1786
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of some of the factors associated with satisfaction of citizens in their residential neighborhood. This study was a survey and a cross-sectional study that was carried out in various localities of a city in East Azarbaijan province. A research tool was questionnaire and the sample consisted of 382 residents over 18 years of age. The independent variables included local community participation, community relations, social security and access to local facilities, and the dependent variable was LEVEL of satisfaction with residential neighborhood. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that all of these factors can explain 34 percent of the variation of LEVEL of satisfaction. Among the independent variables, social bonds have the most positive effects on satisfaction with residential neighborhood. Also, length of stay in a place can increase residents' social bonds, sense of security through social participation and therefore can indirectly affect the residents' LEVEL of satisfaction.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1386
  • Volume: 

    14
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    928
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

تحقیقات انجام شده نشان می دهد که مورفولوژی استخوان بستگی به بارهای مکانیکی وارد به آن دارد، فرآیندی که این وابستگی را کنترل می کند «نوسازی» نامیده می شود. با توجه به پیروی استخوان از اصول بهینه سازی، در این مقاله از روش بهینه سازی ساختاری LEVEL Set برای مدلسازی همزمان فرآیند های نوسازی داخلی و خارجی استخوان پروکسیمال فمور استفاده شده است. همچنین برای بررسی اثر وجود تخلخل و در نتیجه دانسیته ظاهری متغیر در شکل استخوان اسفنجی مدلساری ها در دو مرحله، مرحله اول با فرض دانسیته ثابت و مرحله دوم با فرض دانسیته متغیر برای استخوان، انجام شده است که نتایج حاصله نشاندهنده یکسان بودن تقریبی هندسه خارجی استخوان و تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای در هندسه داخلی و وزن آن در دو مرحله مدلسازی است. در نهایت برای اثبات درستی روش، نتایج حاصله با نتایج تجربی حاصل از تصویربرداری اشعه ایکس و برخی از مقالات ارایه شده در این زمینه مقایسه شده است.

Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

Koomesh

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    22
  • Issue: 

    1 (77)
  • Pages: 

    114-121
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    269
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Generalized joint hypermobility is defined as a physiologic increase in the joint range of motion which is affected by various factors such as physical activity LEVEL and socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between generalized joint hypermobility with physical activity LEVEL and socioeconomic status in Iranian school students. Materials and Methods: In this study 782 school students (age ranged: 7-18years) were allocated based on the cluster sampling method. The generalized joint hypermobility was determined according to the Beighton criteria. The LEVEL of physical activity and socioeconomic status were determined using questionnaires. Correspondingly, the participants answered a questionnaire concerning gym sport, sports in general and musical activity. Results: There was a significant correlation between the physical activity LEVEL and the Beighton score (P<0. 01), but there was no significant correlation between Beighton score and the socioeconomic status (P >0. 05). None of them were predictive of generalized joint hypermobility. There were significant and direct correlations between Beighton score and participation in the gym sports (P<0. 05). Musical activity was reversely correlated with Beighton score (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, there was no relationship between the generalized joint hypermobility with the SOCIO-ECONOMIC status in the study population in Iran. However, the generalized joint hypermobility was increased with increasing in the physical activity LEVEL. Because of the relationship between the generalized joint hypermobility with participation in gym sports and musical activity, it is recommended to examine the role of these factors on the generalized joint hypermobility in school students in details.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2002
  • Volume: 

    25
  • Issue: 

    3-4
  • Pages: 

    99-104
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    680
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: In this study, the relationship. Between the dental treatment needs and socioeconomic classes in young teenagers in Mashhad school children were investigated. Materials and Methods: A group of 400 Children (200 male, 200 female) in 11-14 yrs of age were examined. These cases were selected in random sampling manner. WHO criteria were used for the examination and diagnosis of caries.Results: Unmet Restorative Treatment Need Index (UTNI) was 86% for all of these children. The general dental treatment need (restoration and extraction) was 93.25% According to their socioeconomic status, the subject from the higher LEVELs or classes (1,2) had less restorative treatment need on comparison with other class (3-5). (18/7% v 44/5).This relationship was significant (p<0/05). From 93 percentage of their general dental treatment needs, only 24% was for higher socioeconomic LEVELs (l,2) and 69.25% for lower LEVELs (3-5). The relationship Was significant (P<0/05).Conclusion: The relationship and socioeconomic LEVELs, in this significant. A program as a (PHC) activity in school LEVELs.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2011
  • Volume: 

    24
  • Issue: 

    3 (68)
  • Pages: 

    156-164
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    889
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Aims: Lasers with different characteristics have been used to stimulate orthodontic tooth movement. Considering the contradictory findings in this regard, this study was designed to assess the effect of low LEVEL laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 12 patients (4 boys and 8 girls; average age: 16.9±3.4) with extracted upper first premolars and required canine retraction into extraction site were included. While in both sides canines were retracted by NiTi coil spring, one side was exposed to GaAlAs laser (890 nm). LLLT was done (on the buccal and palatal mucosa by slow movement of probe) at the beginning of the first month. Impression and cast fabrication performed at the beginning of retraction, one and two months later. The amount of retraction on the cast was measured with the aid of a reference plaque fabricated on the rogae using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using paired sample T-test and one-sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test.Results: There was no significant difference in the amounts of canine movement between laser exposed and control sides (P>0.05).Conclusion: The energy dose of laser used in this study (72 J per each tooth) was not appropriate for increasing dental movement.

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Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    23
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    73-73
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    38
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    48
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    49-62
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    100
  • Downloads: 

    9
Abstract: 

In order to properly understand the subsurface structures, the issue of inversion of geophysical data has received much attention from researchers. Since accurate reconstruction of the shape and boundaries of the mass using gravimetric data is very important in some issues, it is important to use an effective and efficient method that has a high ability to draw and reconstruct the boundaries of a mass. In recent years, the LEVEL set method introduced by Asher and Stein has been widely used to solve this problem. From the expansion of the LEVEL set function in some bases of the problem, the effective number of parameters is greatly reduced and an optimization problem is created which its behavior is better than the least squares problem. As a result, the LEVEL set parameterization method will be presented for the reconstruction of inversion models. A common advantage of the parametric LEVEL set method is the careful examination of the boundary for optimum sensitivities, which significantly reduces the dimensional problem, and many of the difficulties of traditional LEVEL set methods, such as regularization, reconstruction, and basis function. LEVEL set parameterization is performed by radial basis functions (RBF),which causes an optimal problem with an average number of parameters and high flexibility,and the computational and optimization process for Newton's method is more accurate and smooth. The model is described by the zero contour of a LEVEL-set function, which in turn is represented by a relatively small number of radial basis functions. This formulation includes some additional parameters such as the width of the radial basis functions and the smoothness of the Heaviside function. The latter is of particular importance as it controls the sensitivity to changes in the model. In this algorithm adaptively chooses the required smoothness parameter and tests the method on a suite of idealized Earth models. In this evolutionary approach, the reduction gradient method usually requires many iterations for convergence, and the functions are weakened for low-sensitivity problems. Although the use of Quasi-Newton methods to improve the LEVEL set function increases the degree of convergence, they are computationally challenging, and for large problems and relatively finer grids, a system of equations must be solved in each iteration. Moreover, based on the fact that the number of underlying parameters in a parametric approach is usually much less than the number of pixels resulting from the discretization of the LEVEL set function, we make a use of a Newton-type method to solve the underlying optimization problem. In this research, the algorithm is used to investigate its strengths and weaknesses for applying geophysical gravity data, coding and programming, and it is tested using several two-dimensional synthetic models. Finally, the method is tested on gravity data from the Mobrun ore body, north east of Noranda, Quebec, Canada. The results of this study show that the application of the optimization algorithm of the LEVEL set function will lead to a relatively more accurate and realistic detection of mass boundaries. It shows that the tested mass has spread from a depth of 10 meters to a depth of 160 meters.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    4
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    109-112
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    144
  • Downloads: 

    127
Abstract: 

Phenylketonuria or PKU has an important place in medical history as the first congenital metabolic disorder. It is a genetic defect in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme existing in the liver and kidneys which is responsible for the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Deficiency of the enzyme results in accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the blood and other tissues. If left untreated, mental retardation, speech delays, eczema, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, etc would be expected. In PKU, proper nutrition is the only treatment of choice to prevent complications. The treatment is based on a low-protein diet, and elimination of all protein-rich foods to prevent severe mental retardation. Dietary changes in PKU are permanent through the life. By controlling the diet, we reach disease control too. The metabolic control in childhood and adolescence is related to patients’ quality of life, and their mental status. Even in patients who resume treatment after a period of free diet, an enhancement in the quality of life is observed correlated with the phenylalanine LEVEL, in a way that when the phenylalanine LEVEL is between 2 and 6 mg/dL, the patients would have a higher quality of life. Moreover, the higher the patients’ phenylalanine LEVEL, the lower the quality of life scores. Similarly, phenylalanine LEVELs are associated with patients’ social skills. The lower is the patients’ phenylalanine LEVEL, the higher would be the social skills.

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